Jackson and Sparks (2002)

Management > Crisis Management > Lectures > Independent Research > Jackson and Sparks > OS > M&S > Causes of failure - external > Causes of failure - internal

Causes of Failure - Internal

Internal factors include a board which was so confident in its long-standing successful strategy that it rejected any suggestion of change. Managers ignored external threats, believing that M&S would pull through if they stayed with the same strategy.

The board was too centralised, meaning management became too alienated from employees and customers. They were too inward-looking, satisfying internal customers and the board and ignoring external demands.

Some managers were on the front line, dealing with customers, but they were reduced to cut costs in the 1990s.

Executives opposed change because of how it would affect them personally, rather than how they thought it would affect business.

Internal - Too rigid

Conclusion