Gibson et al. - (Booth, 1993)

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Change Management - Gibson et al.

According to Gibson et al., there are three approaches to change management:

1. The power approach – this is quite taylorite way to induce change
2. The rational approach – logic and rationality to induce change
3. The learning approach – learning organisation, where managers are change agents

In reality a mixture of the three are often adopted, as groups and individuals “use their positive or negative power to further their interests”.

Change occurs in four stages:

1. Initiation
2. Diagnosis
3. Intervention
4. Evaluation

For success, managers need to focus on results, not just activities.

Booth argues that processes of change management can be politicised if applied to a cultural setting. This is supported by Linblom, who states that people, especially in a crisis, just make the best decision they can in the circumstances. Decisions are usually based on incomplete information and “a subjectively derived mental model”.