Mintberg (1973) - (Booth, 1993)

Management > Crisis Management > Lectures > Independent Research > Taylor > Fayol > Kreitner > Deming > points of management continued > More on quality > Mintzberg

Systems Theory - Morgan (1986)

Systems theory revolves around the idea of viewing the firm as an organic whole, where all parts are interrelated. This includes employees and managers, who need to consider and be considered in relation to one another and to the entire firm. The theory also stresses the relationship between the firm and its external environment.

This is a good theory, as it encourages a focus at the individual, organisational and system level. 

Morgan (1986) argues that firms can be viewed as both a closed system, in order to understand internal workings, and in relation to the environment, with which it interacts. He uses the example of a beehive, which is a closed system, but has a self-referential environment which depends on bees.

(For more information on systems/network theory, see GSM lecture 3)

Contingency Theory - Burns and Stalker (1961)

Change Management - Gibson et al.