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Mitroff (2005)Management > Crisis Management > Lectures > Independent Research > Mitroff's book >The effects of abnormal crises > Defence mechanisms > Victim and villain > Complexity > 4 styles of thinking
Four styles of thinkingWilliam James was the founding philosopher of Pragmatism. He argued that there were two types of thinkers in the world: "tough-minded" and "tender-minded". Mitroff believes there are an additional two types: "earth-bound" and "floating in the clouds"
The point is that problems cannot be solved from a single perspective. We need all of them to make proper decisions, which implies that everyone in an organisation needs to be involved in the prevention and resolution of a crisis.
General Motors - outdated responses to crises Corporate emotional intelligence
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